↑ Integrated circuits are now used to implement all CPUs, except for a few machines designed to withstand large electromagnetic pulses, say from a nuclear weapon.
↑ The so-called "von Neumann" memo expounded the idea of stored programs,[47] which for example may be stored on punched cards, paper tape, or magnetic tape.
↑ Some early computers like the Harvard Mark I did not support any kind of "jump" instruction, effectively limiting the complexity of the programs they could run. It is largely for this reason that these computers are often not considered to contain a proper CPU, despite their close similarity to stored-program computers.
